ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Active sentence
* In an active sentence, the subject is doing the action.
Passive sentence
* The target of the action gets promoted to the subject position.
* Used when the emphasizes more on the object of a sentence rather than doer. If it is imperative that the doer (subject) be mentioned, the passive sentence will include a 'by' phrase.
Example :
> People (subject) spoke (verb) Japanese (object) in Japan (active sentence)
> Japanese language (subject) was spoken (verb)by people (object) in Japan. (passive sentence)
When Active change to Passive sentence, verb must change to past participle. Past Participle cannot stand by its own. So, it must use be verb & auxiliary verb.
Example
Irregular Verb
Present simple | Past simple | Past participle |
Hit | hit | hit |
See | saw | Seen |
Cut | cut | Cut |
eat | ate | Eaten |
Regular verb
Present simple | Past simple | Past participle |
Stop | Stopped | Stopped |
Carry | Carried | Carried |
Live | Lived | Lived |
Formation of the passive
The passive can use any tense of the verb to be + a past participle
The load/s | Is/are Was/were | Calculated |
The report/s | Has been Have been | Presented |
The sample/s | Will be Can be | Tested |
The result/s | Is/are being (should) have been (could) have been | compared |
Passive verb forms for different tenses
Tense | Active | Passive |
Simple present | Adrian places an egg in a box | An egg is placed in a box by Adrian Verb ‘be’ + past participle of main verb |
Simple past | Adrian places an egg in a box | An egg was placed in a box by Adrian Verb ‘be’ + past participle of main verb |
Present continuous | Adrian is placing an egg in a box | An egg is being placed in a box by Adrian Verb ‘be’ + being + past participle of a main verb |
Past continuous | Adrian was placing an egg in a box | An egg was being placed in a box by Adrian Verb ‘be’ + being + past participle of a main verb |
Present perfect | Adrian has placed an egg in a box | An egg has been placed in a box by Adrian Has/have been + past participle of the main verb |
Past perfect | Adrian had placed an egg in a box | An egg had been placed in a box by Adrian Had been + past participle of the main verb |
Future | Adrian will place an egg in a box | An egg will be placed in a box by Adrian Will be + past participle of the main verb |
Beside learn about the active and passive voice, today, we are also learn about the body paragraph and conclusion of an essay.
Ø the main idea in the thesis statement by breaking it down into smaller ideas or subtopics.
Ø Body paragraph should contain some of the following features
· A topic sentence
= the most important sentence because it expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
= state the main idea of the paragraph
= contains the topic of the paragraph and controlling idea ( limits the topic to something
that very specific
= topic sentence DOES NOT contain too many controlling ideas.
· Supporting sentences
= sentence that related to the ideas in the topic sentences.
· A concluding sentences
= the last sentence in a paragraph.
= remind the reader about the main points of a paragraph.
· Unity
= each sentence in the paragraph is related to the topic sentence.
CONCLUSION
Ø The last paragraph in an essay.
Ø Completes the essay and reemphasizes the thesis statement or main ideas.
Ø Technique
· Prediction
~ talks about what might happen in the future
· Recommendation
~ often used by a writer after he/she has discussed a problem in an essay.
· Quotation
~ a relevant quotation can bring good closure to an essay, especially if the quotation is from an expert on the topic in composition.
After we had finished learned about the body paragraph and conclusion, Miss Zu ask us to write a complete essay in a group by continue our introductory paragraph. She wants us to present our essay on the next class.
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